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D.C., North America, Read About Can't Miss Places

Government in Action–Visiting the Capitol, White House, & State Department

Amy French the Roaming Historian

This post was written in 2015. For an updated guide, see: Best Things to Do in Washington, DC: A Historian’s Travel Guide (2026/2027) https://roaminghistorian.com/2026/08/18/best-things-to-do-in-washington-dc/

Visiting Washington, D.C. soon? The capital of the United States came to be located on the banks of the Potomac River as the result of a big compromise and some diplomacy displayed by Thomas Jefferson during a dinner at his house (history). Since its humble and swampy beginnings, Washington D.C. has grown into a thriving metropolis replete with historical sites, international cuisine, lots of open spaces, and a national zoo (complete with panda cams). Political dealings are consistently going on, foreign dignitaries could pass you in your hotel lobby, federal agents are everywhere, and the city’s vibe exudes power. With its neo-classical architecture and lower skyline, D.C. has a more sprawling feel than other power cities. While you’re there, you’ll have the chance to visit a host of government buildings; for this piece, I’m going to review the US Capitol, White House, and Department of State.

U.S. Capitol

Admission to the Capitol’s Visitor Center is free and no advance pass is needed, but if you want a tour you will need to schedule in advance (or hope that passes are still available for the day that you visit). You can schedule through the Capitol’s online system or through one of your state’s legislators. The online system is easy to use and allows you to instantly reserve a time best for you, while a tour through your legislator’s office will afford you a more intimate tour with Congressional staff and you can secure a gallery pass to see Congress in session. I chose to reserve online, because Congress was not going to be in session when I was there. Our guide was engaging, but I was a little jealous of the smaller groups who booked through their legislator’s office. The tour starts with a 13-minute film. At this point, I was very concerned about what I had gotten myself into. I don’t like films much and I abhor being forced to sit through them. I’m glad that I stuck it out though, because what came next was worth the captive cinematic moment. The tour allows you to see the most famed parts of the building.

Dome

The Rotunda alone was worth sitting through the video. Soaring 180 feet high, the dome is an architectural great with one of the most interesting paintings in D.C.—the Apotheosis of Washington. Constantino Brumidi’s fresco depicts George Washington rising to the heavens as a god or as another “ideal.” He is flanked by maidens that bring to mind the Vestal Virgins of ancient Rome. Surrounding the walls of the Rotunda are truly magnificent paintings, including a couple of my favorites: John Trumball’s Declaration of Independence and John Chapman’s Baptism of Pocahontas. The other six paintings are also visually striking.

Your tour guide will take you through Statuary Hall, the former Supreme Court Chamber, the former Senate Chamber, the crypt (not nearly as fun as it sounds),and by offices like that of the Speaker of the House. After your tour, you can visit the part that is open to all “Emancipation Hall,” which was named to recognize the nation’s slave past and the use of slave labor to help construct the building. There are some cool historical documents and other treasures in the visitor’s area, as well as the overflow of statues no longer in Statuary Hall. The architecture and artwork on the guided tour were highlights of the visit to me. As it is free, it is well worth the value, but I would have preferred the ability to amble about freely and spend time looking at aspects that are most interesting to me.

White House

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I have to be honest—I found our presidential mansion a little lackluster. Maybe the build-up was just too much. After applying for a tour through my senator, I waited patiently (somewhat) to hear word if I would be able to get a pass and what day/time my visit would be scheduled. I wanted to book the Capitol tour, schedule a walk through the Department of State’s Diplomatic Reception Rooms, and reserve an admission time for the National Archives. I didn’t want to do any of these things until I had confirmation about the White House. Ultimately, I went ahead and booked everything and lucked out when I received word that my White House tour was approved and that I was scheduled for a time amenable to my other activities. I showed up in the pre-dawn hours on a cold January morning, the wait outside to get in was long. Thankfully, my friend and I were one of the first people in line, but we paid for that privilege by getting there about an hour before our scheduled entry time.

The rooms that were open to the public were attractive and there were some skilled paintings, nice Federal-period furniture, and lovely finishings and decorative arts. The overall feeling was—dare I say—humble? My feelings were torn about the interior. On one hand, the lack of ostentiousness befits a republic. On the other, I want my country to put its best foot forward to visitors. Who knows? Had I been able to tour the West Wing, or had not waited in the January cold (I’m not a morning person either), I might have felt that the tour was grand. I did like that I could go through at my own pace. I’m not in a hurry to go back though—unless I’m sitting behind a desk in the Oval Office and “Hail to the Chief” plays when I walk in a room. Nonetheless, even though the White House didn’t blow me over, as a historian, it still held great appeal and I appreciate having visited it.

Diplomatic Reception Rooms

A little known gem is the Department of State’s Diplomatic Reception Rooms. I had booked a tour through the American Historical Organization, but free, 45-minute tours can be reserved here. Pulling up to the building, I had my doubts. We arrived at the back entrance, which had little in the way of architectural charm. The rooms, however, are an aesthetic delight. Filled with fine arts (such as Gilbert Stuart’s famed depiction of George Washington, a portrait of Benjamin Franklin done during in his life in 1758, and Queen Anne and Chippendale furniture), the rooms reflect taste and elegance. The tour is guided, but its short duration and the detail provided made me happy to have a guide. The John Quincy Adams State Drawing Room is where the Secretary of State receives guests; the room is filled with historical treasures—from a table used by Thomas Jefferson when drafting the Declaration of Independence to a desk used to sign the Treaty of Paris (1783) ending the American Revolution. The Benjamin Franklin State Dining Room is the largest of all the rooms and reinforces to those dining within its walls that they are present at the pleasure of the United States of America, as the Great Seal adorns the ceiling and the carpet.

Of all the three buildings, I found the guards at this one to be the friendliest—although they denied me my parting wish to be “kicked out” of the Department of State. I had inquired if it was possible for them to pretend to boot me out the door, so that I could tell my students a hilarious tale. The guards agreed it would be funny, but it was not something they could do on a lark. I would have to give them cause…they strongly suggested that I NOT give them cause. I heeded their advice. 🙂

Logistics:

  1. U.S. Capitol—Limited exhibits and access to the building without a guided tour. The Visitor Center is open without a pass or tour. Guided tours can be reserved online or through a U.S. Senator or House Representative. Tour duration: 1.5-2 hours. Gallery passes (not part of guided tour) to Senate and House galleries are available through U.S. Senator or House Representative. International visitors can inquire about gallery passes at Visitor’s Center. Visitors can see if same-day passes are available at the Visitor Center, but there is a line and there are few passes. All passes are free. U.S. Capitol Visitor’s Website
  2. White House—Public tour requests are required and must be approved. U.S. citizens should request a tour through their member of Congress. International citizens should request through their embassy. Requests must be made at least 21 days in advance, but may be made up to six months in advance. Tour is free, self-guided, and lasts about 30-45 minutes. White House virtual tour
  3. Department of State Diplomatic Reception Rooms—Tour requests are made through the website. There are three times per day (Monday-Friday) that tours are offered. Tours are free, guided, and last 45 minutes. Diplomatic Reception Rooms Website

All three buildings are functioning workplaces (and one is also a residence), so there is a cool political vibe pulsing as you stroll through. However, one can enter many places in D.C. to see government in action—deals are made over coffee, drinks, dinner, or a jog. If you decide to roam through all or any of these places, let me know what you think. I highly recommend a trip to DC and that you visit at least one of these DC hotspots while you’re there!

Happy travels! Amy

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Amy French, Ph.D., is the voice behind Roaming Historian. A professional historian and seasoned traveler, she shares stories that blend history and travel to give readers a deeper understanding of the places they explore.

Frequently Asked Questions About Visiting Washington, DC

What are the best things to do in Washington, DC?

Washington, DC offers something for every traveler, but my top recommendations include exploring the National Mall, visiting the Smithsonian museums, touring the U.S. Capitol, seeing the Declaration of Independence at the National Archives, visiting the Library of Congress, photographing the White House, touring Ford’s Theatre, exploring Arlington National Cemetery, and taking a day trip to George Washington’s Mount Vernon.

What should I not miss in Washington, DC?

If this is your first visit, don’t miss the National Mall and its monuments, the Smithsonian museums, the U.S. Capitol, the Library of Congress, and the National Archives. The White House, Arlington National Cemetery, Ford’s Theatre, and George Washington’s Mount Vernon are also worthwhile additions if you have enough time. For a first trip, I recommend spending at least three days in Washington, DC so you can experience the highlights without feeling rushed. Check out Viator or GetYourGuide for experiences to really elevate your trip.

What are the best free things to do in Washington, DC?

Washington, DC is one of the best destinations in the United States for budget-conscious travelers because many of its top attractions are free. You can explore the National Mall and its monuments and memorials, visit most Smithsonian museums, tour the U.S. Capitol, see the Declaration of Independence and Constitution at the National Archives, visit the Library of Congress, and explore the Supreme Court without paying admission. Some attractions require reservations even though admission is free, so check requirements before you visit.

What are the best things to do in Washington, DC in two days?

With only two days, concentrate on the city’s most important sights rather than trying to see everything. Spend one day exploring the National Mall, including the Washington Monument, World War II Memorial, Lincoln Memorial, Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial, with time for one Smithsonian museum. Use your second day for the U.S. Capitol, Library of Congress, Supreme Court, National Archives, and White House. You’ll have to be selective, but this gives you a good introduction to Washington’s monuments, museums, and history. With only a couple of days, consider a guided tour to get the most value for your time. I would look at Viator or GetYourGuide.

What are the best things to do in Washington, DC at night?

One of the best things to do in Washington, DC at night is return to the National Mall to see the monuments illuminated after dark. The Lincoln Memorial, Washington Monument, and other memorials take on a completely different atmosphere in the evening, and the cooler temperatures can make nighttime sightseeing especially enjoyable during the warmer months. You can also consider an evening monument tour, which combines sightseeing with historical stories about the landmarks. If you prefer indoor activities, Washington’s restaurants, theaters, and museums offer plenty of options for an evening out.

How many days do you need in Washington, DC?

I recommend spending at least three days in Washington, DC. This allows enough time to visit the National Mall, several Smithsonian museums, Capitol Hill, and either Arlington National Cemetery or Mount Vernon without feeling rushed.

What is the best time of year to visit Washington, DC?

Spring (March through May) and fall (September through November) offer the most pleasant weather. Spring is especially popular during the National Cherry Blossom Festival, while fall typically brings comfortable temperatures and smaller crowds. Summer is hot and humid but remains the busiest tourist season.

Are the Smithsonian museums really free?

Yes! Nearly all Smithsonian museums in Washington, DC offer free admission, making the nation’s capital one of the best destinations in the United States for budget-conscious travelers.

Do I need reservations for Smithsonian museums?

Most Smithsonian museums do not require reservations for general admission, but some museums or special exhibitions may use timed-entry passes during busy periods. Always check the museum’s website before your visit.

Can you tour the White House?

Yes, but public tours require advance approval. U.S. citizens must request tours through their Member of Congress, while international visitors should contact their country’s embassy in Washington, DC. Requests should be submitted well in advance.

How do I get tickets for the U.S. Capitol?

Guided tours of the U.S. Capitol are free, but advance reservations are recommended, particularly during peak travel seasons. Tours begin at the Capitol Visitor Center.

Is the National Mall free?

Yes. The National Mall, its monuments, memorials, and most nearby Smithsonian museums are free to visit. Some nearby attractions, such as the International Spy Museum and Mount Vernon, charge admission.

Is Arlington National Cemetery free to visit?

Yes. Admission to Arlington National Cemetery is free, and visitors are welcome to explore the grounds during operating hours. Because the cemetery covers more than 600 acres, many people choose to purchase a ticket for the Arlington National Cemetery Tours tram, which stops at major landmarks such as the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, John F. Kennedy’s gravesite, and Arlington House.

How do I get from Washington, DC to Arlington National Cemetery?

Arlington National Cemetery is easy to reach from downtown Washington by taking the Metro’s Blue Line to Arlington Cemetery Station. The entrance is just a short walk from the station, making public transportation the most convenient option for most visitors. Rideshare services and guided tours are also available. There are also trolley buses that go to all the major DC monuments. You can get tickets through Viator or GetYourGuide.

Can you walk to most attractions in Washington, DC?

Many of Washington’s most famous attractions are within walking distance, especially around the National Mall and Capitol Hill. However, expect to walk several miles each day. The Metro is an excellent option for traveling between neighborhoods.

Is Washington, DC a good destination for families?

Absolutely! Families will find plenty to enjoy, including the Smithsonian museums, National Zoo, monuments, parks, and interactive attractions like the International Spy Museum. Many of the city’s best attractions are free, making Washington an excellent family vacation destination.

Is Washington, DC expensive to visit?

Washington can fit almost any budget. While hotels can be expensive during peak travel seasons, many of the city’s top attractions—including the Smithsonian museums, National Mall, Library of Congress, National Archives, and U.S. Capitol—are free.

Is Washington, DC safe for tourists?

The major tourist areas—including the National Mall, Smithsonian museums, Capitol Hill, and Georgetown—are generally safe for visitors. As with any large city, remain aware of your surroundings, keep valuables secure, and avoid isolated areas late at night.

Should I rent a car in Washington, DC?

Most visitors do not need a rental car. Washington’s Metro system, buses, rideshare services, and walkable neighborhoods make it easy to explore without driving. If you plan to visit destinations outside the city, such as Mount Vernon or Shenandoah National Park, a rental car may be helpful.

What are the best museums in Washington, DC?

Some of my favorites include the National Museum of American History, National Air and Space Museum, National Museum of Natural History, National Museum of African American History and Culture, National Portrait Gallery, and Smithsonian American Art Museum.

Is Mount Vernon worth visiting?

Absolutely. Mount Vernon offers one of the finest historic house museum experiences in the United States. Touring George Washington’s mansion, gardens, museum, and estate provides valuable insight into the life of America’s first president and makes an excellent half-day or full-day excursion from Washington.

What should I wear when visiting Washington, DC?

Comfortable walking shoes are essential because you’ll likely spend much of the day on your feet. Dress for the weather, carry a refillable water bottle during the warmer months, and bring a light jacket if visiting during the spring or fall.

Are guided tours worth it?

I think so—especially if this is your first visit. Guided tours provide historical context, help you navigate the city more efficiently, and often include fascinating stories that you won’t find on informational signs. They’re particularly worthwhile for the National Mall, Capitol Hill, Arlington National Cemetery, and Mount Vernon. For a vast selection at varying price points, check out Viator and GetYourGuide.

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